Table 3 Genetically modified E. coli strains for bioremediation

Water pollution

Bioremediation potential of cadmium by recombinant E. coli surface expressing metallothionein MTT5 from Tetrahymena thermophila

[58]

E. coli strains (XL10 Gold, DH5α, and six types of BL21 (DE3)) showed bioremediation capacity against copper

[59]

E. coli SE5000 strain showed bioremediation capacity against Ni²⁺

[60]

E. coli expressing metallothionein protein affecting against cadmium

[61]

Soil pollution

E. coli SE5000 strain express nickel transporting system: nixA which degrade nickel from aqueous system

[62]

Engineered E. coli with atzA gene was proven to be successful in remediating soil polluted by atrazine

[63]

E. coli JM109 expressed merT–merP protein and metallothionein (MT) which degraded mercury

[64]

Engineered E. coli with linA and mpd genes was responsible for organochlorine and organophosphate degradation

[65]

E. coli DH5α containing alkB, almA, xylE, ndo, and p450cam is responsible for petroleum hydrocarbon degradation

[56]

E. coli BL21 containing PbrR, PbrR691, and PbrD genes is help in lead adsorption

[66]