Table 1 Summary of engineering strategies for enhanced microbial adhesion to plastic surfaces

PTFE

E. coli PHL644

ompR234 allele inclusion

 ~ 7-fold increase compared to E. coli BL21

Leech et al. [48]

PS

E. coli MG1655

Ag43 overexpression (arabinose inducible)

 ~ 4.8-fold increase compared to wild-type in dark

Jin and Riedel-Kruse [50]

Ag43 overexpression (light inducible)

 ~ 2.7-fold increase in illumination compared to dark

PS

E. coli MG1655 MGJ1

OxyR^red overexpression

 ~ 2-fold increase compared to wild-type

Schembri et al. [51]

PDMS

E. coli XL10-Gold

DOPA-histidine fused to OmpW

 ~ 15,000 cells/mm²

Park et al. [52]

PET

PU

 ~ 6500 cells/mm²