Fig. 2
From: Microbial cell factories in the remediation of e-wastes: an insight
The illustration demonstrates the initial degradation of PAHs and VOCs by microbial biosurfactants, followed by their internalization and subsequent breakdown by various microbial enzymes. This initial degradation occurs through peripheral metabolic pathways before the compounds enter the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, ultimately resulting in the release of simpler and less toxic byproducts